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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ((ペルシア語:اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی)),〔Transliteration: ''Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī'' 〕 or Hashemi Bahramani (), born 25 August 1934) is an influential Iranian politician and writer, who was the fourth president of Iran. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 till 2011 when he decided not to nominate himself for the post.〔(In Rafsanjani’s election to key post, Iran moderates see victory ) Indian Express, 6 September 2007〕〔(Iran's Rafsanjani Loses Key Post On Assembly Of Experts ) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 8 March 2011〕 He is also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran. During the Iran–Iraq War Rafsanjani was the ''de facto'' commander-in-chief of the Iranian military. Rafsanjani was elected chairman of the Iranian parliament in 1980 and served until 1989. Rafsanjani also served as president of Iran from 1989 to 1997. He played an important role in the choice of Ali Khamenei as Supreme Leader.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iran election: Rafsanjani defends decision to stand as his 'national duty' )〕 In 2005 he ran for a third term in office, placing first in the first round of elections but ultimately losing to rival Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the run-off round of the 2005 election. Rafsanjani has been described as a centrist and a pragmatic conservative. He supports a free market position domestically, favoring privatization of state-owned industries, and a moderate position internationally, seeking to avoid conflict with the United States and the West.〔RK Ramazani 'Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East,' The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.〕 In 1997 during the Mykonos trial in Germany, it was declared that Hashemi Rafsanjani (the then president of Iran) alongside of Ayatollah Ali Khameni (supreme leader), Ali-Akbar Velayati (the then foreign minister) and Ali Fallahian (Intelligence Minister) has had role in assassination of Iran's opposition activists in Europe.〔(Murder at Mykonos: Anatomy of a Political Assassination ) Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, 2009〕 He is considered to be the richest person in Iran.〔BBC News (Profile: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ), 19 June 2009〕 On 11 May 2013, Rafsanjani entered the race for the June 2013 presidential election, but on 21 May he was disqualified by the Guardian Council. == Early life and education== Rafsanjani was born in the village of Bahraman near the city of Rafsanjan in Kerman Province to a wealthy family of pistachio farmers.〔(Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani ) from Radio Free Europe〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iran Report: May 9, 2005 )〕 He has eight siblings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rafsanjani's possible return creates a buzz in Tehran )〕 His mother, Hajie Khanom Mahbibi Hashemi, died at the age of 90 on 21 December 1995. He studied theology in the city of Qom with Ayatollah Khomeini, whose close follower he became.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Profile: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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